Mathematics

\[\int_a^b f'(x)\; dx = f(b) - f(a),\quad\quad\quad\frac{d}{dx}\left(\int_a^x f(t)\; dt\right)=f(x)\]

The integration on forms concept is of fundamental importance in differential topology, geometry, and physics, and also yields one of the most important examples of cohomology, namely de Rahm cohomology, which (roughly speaking) measures precisely the extend to which the fundamental theorem of calculus fails in higher and on general manifolds.

Terrence Tao, Differential Forms and Integration

Cryptography

\[\operatorname{Adv}^{\mathrm{IND\text{-}CPA}}_{\mathcal{A}}(\Pi) \;:=\; \left|\Pr\!\left[\mathsf{Game}^{\mathrm{IND\text{-}CPA}}_{\Pi,\mathcal{A}}(1^\lambda)=1\right]-\tfrac12\right|.\]

In modern security definitions, a construction is considered secure if every efficient adversary’s advantage in a well-specified experiment is negligible as a function of the security parameter. This viewpoint makes cryptographic claims precise, composable, and testable against explicit threat models.

Programming

\[\text{Program} = \text{Algorithms} + \text{Data Structures}\]

"Programs must be written for people to read, and only incidentally for machines to execute."

Harold Abelson, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs

E.T.C.